动植物环状RNA研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect of circular RNAs in animals and plants

为促进植物环状RNA(Circular RNAs)的研究进程,利用文献综述法检索近三年(2018—2020)发表的环状RNA文献,从功能发挥、研究手段及应用前景等方面分别对动物和植物环状RNA的研究进展进行整理讨论。结果表明:环状RNA可作为竞争性内源RNA与microRNAs(MiRNAs)特异性结合,间接调控蛋白表达水平。其还可调节来源基因的转录效率、滚环式翻译多肽及作为蛋白支架调控细胞进程。截止目前,临床有关环状RNA的研究最为深入;经过潜在诊断、预断和治疗方法评估后,环状RNA有望成为诊疗疾病的生物标志物。而植物环状RNA在不同生长发育阶段、激素刺激及逆境胁迫等条件下也展现出丰富的差异表达模式,初步体现其功能的多样性。但与动物环状RNA的研究深度相比,植物环状RNA研究还处于兴起阶段,与植物环状RNA相关的数据库和分析工具还有待开发。综上,本文重点评述动植物体内不同类型环状RNA在生成机制、剪切识别位点、功能发挥及应用潜力上的特异性和同源性,讨论动植物环状RNA研究存在的主要问题并对深入开展植物环状RNA研究进行展望。

In order to promote the research process of circular RNAs(CircRNAs)in plants,the literature related to circular RNAs published from 2018 to 2020 were searched and the research process of functions,research methods,and application prospects of animal and plant circRNAs were discussed.The results showed that circRNAs can be used as competitive endogenous RNAs to bind to microRNAs(MiRNAs)and indirectly regulate protein expressions.They regulate the transcription of source genes,rolling translate polypeptides and combine with other proteins.Up to now,the research on circRNAs in clinical field is the most in-depth.After the estimations of the potential diagnosis,prognosis and evaluation of treatment methods,they are expected to become biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.Meanwhile,plant circRNAs have also shown abundant differential expression patterns under different growth conditions and development stages,hormonal stimulation,and adversity stresses,which initially reflect the diversity of their functions.However,compared with the research depth of animal circRNAs,the research of plant circRNAs is still in the emerging stage,and the database and analysis tools related to plant circular RNA still need to be developed.In conclusion,the review focuses on the specificity and homology of circRNAs of different types of circular RNAs in animals and plants in terms of generation mechanisms,splicing recognition sites,function development and application potential,discusses the main problems in the research of circular of circRNAs in animals and plants,and prospects the future research of circRNAs in plants.