聚磷腈的合成及应用研究进展

Research progress on synthesis and application of polyphosphazene

介绍了聚磷腈及中间体聚二氯磷腈的制备方法:聚磷腈由聚二氯磷腈和亲核取代试剂发生亲核反应制备;聚二氯磷腈由热开环和活性阳离子两种聚合法制备,热开环法又分为溶剂聚合、原位聚合和三氯化磷法。溶剂热开环聚合法由于获得的聚合物分子量分布较窄、分子量大和工艺条件温和等优点,适合于工业化制备。较全面地总结了聚磷腈在阻燃材料、生物医用材料、导电材料、膜材料等领域近期的研究进展和发展趋势。

The preparation methods of polyphosphazene and poly(dichlorophosphazene)were introduced.Using poly(dichlorophosphazene)and nucleophilic reagents(sodium alkoxides,aryloxides or amines)as the starting materials,poly(dichlorophosphazene)was prepared by the nucleophilic subsititution reaction.Poly(dichlorophosphazene)is prepared by two polymerization methods including thermal-open ring polymerization and active cation polymerization.Thermal-open ring polymerization is divided into solvent polymerization,in-situ polymerization and phosphorus trichloride polymerization.Solvent thermal open-loop polymerization is suitable for industrial preparation due to its advantages such as narrow molecular weight distribution,large molecular weight and mild technological conditions.The research progress of polyphosphazene in the fields of flame retardant materials,biomedical materials,conductive materials,membrane materials were reviewed.