互惠的意义--一个少数民族村落“公益困境”的文化解释

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RECIPROCITY:The Cultural Interpretation of Philanthropy Dilemma in a Minority Village

本文在人类学“礼物”范式的框架内,对“绿叶”公益组织在S村遭遇的“公益困境”进行了文化解释。个案研究表明,村落乡土道德强调边界清晰、付出与回报对等的互惠原则;公益组织则主张超越互惠边界与无偿奉献的公益道德。当地人与志愿者之间的“信任失调”源自乡土互惠原则与现代公益道德之间的观念不对等,“公益困境”背后隐含着不同文化语境下道德话语的分歧与冲突。以这一个案为基础,本文讨论了作为“小传统”的乡土互惠道德之于当代公益实践与现代性公共社会的价值与意义。

In the gift paradigm framework of,this paper makes a cultural interpretation of phi⁃lanthropy dilemma encountered by a philanthropic organization named Green Leaf in S village.The case study reveals that the rural morality in S village emphasizes a reciprocal principle character⁃ized by clear boundary and equivalence between pay and return,while the philanthropic organiza⁃tion advocates the philanthropic spirit characterized by selfless dedication beyond the boundary of reciprocity.There is an trust imbalance between local villagers and volunteers deriving from concept inequivalence between the rural reciprocal morality and the modern philanthropic morality,thus the divergence and conflict between moral discourses in different cultural contexts lies behind the philan⁃thropy dilemma.Based on this case study,the paper discusses the value and significance of rural reciprocal morality as micro-tradition for contemporary philanthropic practices and modern public so⁃ciety.