驱尽江头濯锦娘:丝绸在南方丝路的货币功能

DRIVING AWAY ALL SILK-WASHING WOMEN AT THE RIVERSIDE:THE MONETARY FUNCTION OF SILK ON THE SOUTHERN SILK ROAD

丝绸在南方丝路不仅是经济交换的重要商品,更是具有货币功能的交易实物,丝绸在南方丝路充当货币应用十分广泛。宋文《云南买马记》详细记载南丝路绢马贸易中丝绸以实物货币的形式用于购买马匹,南丝路境内外均存在以丝绸作为民间的“交易之货”现象,政府倡导丝绸与金属货币同时流通于商品交易市场,丝绸可充当赋税之用,是朝贡贸易的主要商品,被视为珍宝用于上层阶级的馈赠,在特殊时期又成为供给军事开支、充实府库的重要经济来源。南丝路沿线以巴蜀地区丝绸生产为先,后云南等地区逐渐着力发展丝绸产业,丝绸产业的发展与繁荣更进一步强化丝绸在南丝路的货币功能,并形成特殊的丝绸经济圈和货币圈现象。

Silk is not only an important commodity for economic exchange on the Southern Silk Road,and it is also a kind of transaction object with monetary function and widely used as currency along the Southern Silk Road.The Song Dynasty's article Notes on Buying Horses in Yun⁃nan records in details that silk has been used to buy horses as concrete currency in the silk and horse trades on the Southern Silk Road,and there is phenomenon that silk is regarded as private"goods for trade"both inside and outside of the Southern Silk Road.The government advocates the simultaneous circulation of silk and metal currency in the commodity market,and silk can be used for tax purposes and is the main commodity for tribute trade,a gift regarded as a treasure for the upper class.In special periods,silk can also become an important economic source to supply mili⁃tary expenditure and to enrich the Treasury.Along the Southern Silk Road,the silk production in Sichuan region has led the first,and then Yunnan and other regions have gradually developed their silk industry.The development and prosperity of silk industry further strengthens the monetary func⁃tion of silk on the Southern Silk Road and forms as well the special phenomenon of coexistence of silk economic circle and monetary circle.