拜登政府的北极政策:目标与制约

Biden Administration’s Arctic Policy:Goals and Constraints

拜登政府在北极政策上会出现较大转变。拜登政府的北极政策将以重回《北极地区国家战略》为指导,重拾气候及环境等议题并延续特朗普政府对北极安全的重视及追求,强化美国在北极地区的活动能力;在加强美国政府自身北极事务机制建设的同时,树立美国在北极问题上的优势地位。然而,拜登政府的北极政策面临美国国内、国际多重因素制约。尽管拜登政府对国际气候合作及北极多边治理等领域将产生一定积极影响,但其对中、俄的持续施压,将有可能产生外溢效应。拜登政府领导下的中美北极合作出现一定空间,但也面临新的挑战。为此,应找准中美北极合作的着力点,在受质疑、受压力的不利环境下协调与美国在北极问题上的关系。

The Biden administration has adopted an Arctic policy that is significantly different from that of the Trump administration.It,guided by a return to the National Strategy for the Arctic Region,features increased emphasis on climate and environmental issues,Arctic security and the ability to operate in the Arctic region.While strengthening the US Arctic affairs mechanism,the Biden administration seeks to establish its dominance in Arctic issues.However,the Arctic policy faces multiple domestic and international constraints.Although the Biden administration will have some positive impact on international climate cooperation and multilateral Arctic governance,its continued pressure on China and Russia will likely have spillover effects.Under the Biden administration,there is some room for US-China cooperation in the Arctic,but it also faces new challenges.It is therefore important to identify the focus of US-China Arctic cooperation and coordinate relations with the US on Arctic issues while the bilateral relations are under pressure.