南方冬种马铃薯水肥供应模式研究

Water and Fertilizer Supply Modes for Winter-planting Potato in South China

在分根区交替滴灌和施肥量相同条件下,通过田间试验,研究了不同土壤水分和施肥方式对冬种马铃薯产量构成、产量、品质和水分利用的影响,以获得冬种马铃薯较优的水肥管理模式,为我国南方地区冬种马铃薯生产提供参考。在相同土壤水分处理下,NK_(50-50)(50%氮钾肥作基肥土施,50%氮钾肥作滴灌追肥)产量较NK_(100-0)(氮钾肥全作基肥土施)提高17.0%。NK_(50-50)时,W_(A)处理[苗期60%~70%θ_(f)(田间持水量),块茎形成期70%~80%θ_(f),块茎膨大期75%~85%θ_(f),淀粉积累期50%~60%θ_(f)]马铃薯产量、单株薯重、单株薯数、商品薯率、维生素C含量、淀粉含量与W_(B)(苗期50%~60%θ_(f),块茎形成期60%~70%θ_(f),块茎膨大期70%~80%θ_(f),淀粉积累期40%~50%θ_(f))的差异均不显著。NK_(50-50)时,与W_(A)处理相比,W_(B)处理马铃薯还原糖含量低,有利于马铃薯油炸。此外,NK_(50-50)时,W_(B)处理马铃薯水分利用效率较W_(A)处理提高20.7%。因此,在施N 150 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)90 kg/hm^(2)和K_(2)O 300 kg/hm^(2)下,W_(B)NK_(50-50)处理是南方冬种马铃薯较优的水肥管理模式。

Under the condition of alternate drip irrigation and the same fertilizer amount,the effects of different soil moisture and fertilization methods on the yield composition,yield,quality and water use of winter-planting potato were investigated through a field experiment to obtain the reasonable water and fertilizer management modes,so as to provide scientific basis for improving the production of winter-planting potato in southern China.Under the same soil moisture treatment,compared to NK_(100-0)(full application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer as basal fertilizer soil),NK_(50-50)(50% nitrogen and potassium fertilizers as basal fertilizer soil,50% nitrogen and potassium fertilizers as drip irrigation and topdressing)increased potato yield by 17.0%.At NK_(50-50),potato yield,potato weight per plant,potato number per plant,potato yield commodity,vitamin C content and starch content in W_(A)(60%~70%θ_(f)(field capacity)at the seedling stage,70%~80%θ_(f) at the tuber formation stage,75%~85%θ_(f) at the tuber expansion stage,50%~60%θ_(f) at the starch accumulation stage)were not significantly different from those in W_(B)(50%~60%θ_(f) at the seedling stage,60%~70%θ_(f) at the tuber formation stage,70%~80%θ_(f) at the tuber expansion stage,40%~50%θ_(f) at the starch accumulation stage).At NK_(50-50),compared to W_(A) treatment,W_(B) treatment decreased the reducing sugar content in potato,which was beneficial for potato frying.In addition,at NK_(50-50),W_(B) treatment increased the water use efficiency of potato by 20.7% compared to W_(A) treatment.Therefore,under the condition of fertilized with N 150 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)90 kg/hm^(2) and K_(2)O 300 kg/hm^(2),W_(B)NK_(50-50) treatment was a rational water and fertilizer mode for the production of southern winter-planting potato.