某省海军青少年航空学校膳食调查与干预策略分析

Dietary survey among the teenagers of a certain provincial naval aviation school and analysis of intervention measures

目的探讨某省海军青少年航空学校(简称海航)餐厅科学合理的膳食营养保障策略,为制定青少年航空学校长期、系统的饮食保障制度提供依据。方法以某省127名海航青少年为研究对象,按照称量法开展膳食调查,连续调查3 d。通过称量法记录食物消耗品种、数量,记录每餐就餐人数,计算每人每日各种食物摄入量、能量及各种营养素摄入量,并将结果与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs,14~17岁,中等体力活动水平)相比较,评价膳食营养与食物构成是否合理。结果以DRIs(14~17岁,中等体力活动水平)为标准,三大产能营养素的供能比为蛋白质占14.17%、脂肪占47.99%、碳水化合物占37.84%;脂溶性维生素A、维生素E以及水溶性维生素B1、B2、B3和维生素C摄入量达到了推荐摄入量的标准。矿物质铁、硒、镁、钾、铜、锌摄入量充足。钠、磷摄入较多,钙摄入不足。结论对学校管理人员、餐厅工作人员、海航青少年等广泛开展营养和食品卫生宣教,编撰相应的宣教手册、课件等。建立健康管理长期监测系统,促进海航青少年养成健康生活方式和科学饮食习惯,提高海航青少年主动健康管理意识。

Objective To investigate the scientific and reasonable dietary nutrition support strategy for the teenagers of a cer⁃tain naval aviation school,so as to provide evidence for the development of a long⁃term and systematic dietary support system for the young aviation trainees.Methods 127 teenagers from a certain provincial naval aviation school were enrolled as the research objects,and a dietary survey by the weighing method was performed for 3 consecutive days.The variety and quantity of food consumption were investigated by the weighing method,and the number of people at each meal was strictly recorded.The amount of various food intake,energy intake and the intake of various nutrients per person per day were accurately calculated,then the obtained results were compared with the dietary reference intakes(DRIs)of the Chinese population(at an age from 14 to 17 years and with a moderate physical activi⁃ty)to evaluate whether the dietary nutrition intake and food composition were reasonable.Results With DRIs of the Chinese popula⁃tion as reference,the energy supply ratio of the 3 productive nutrients was 14.17%for protein,47.99%for fat and 37.84%for carbo⁃hydrates.The intake of fat⁃soluble vitamin A and E,as well as water⁃soluble vitamins B1,B2,B3 and vitamin C reached the recommen⁃ded intake standards.The intake of minerals such as iron,selenium,magnesium,potassium,copper and zinc was adequate,the intake of sodium and phosphorus was high,while the intake of calcium was relatively insufficient.Conclusion Nutrition and food health edu⁃cation and propaganda should be carried out extensively among the school administrators,food service personnel and teenagers of the a⁃viation school.At the same time,educational pamphlets and courseware should be compiled or developed.A long⁃term monitoring sys⁃tem for health management should be established,so that healthy life style and good eating habit among the teenagers of the Navy Avia⁃tion School could be promoted,and the sense of active health management be enhanced.