“以文为诗”话题与中国古典诗学的展开

Topics on Writing Poems in Prose Styles and the Beginning of Chinese Classical Poetics

杜甫开启了中唐诗歌“以文为诗”的转型。由于杜诗的核心地位,“以文为诗”话题也成为中国诗学展开的一个核心支点。表面上看,“以文为诗”是诗、文技巧的互渗;实际上,在宋代以后文学和文学思想的演进史上,许多重要的作家如欧阳修、苏轼、黄庭坚、陈师道以及元明清的重要文学理论家都参与了相关讨论。此话题又与杜诗学、唐宋诗之争、“诗必盛唐说”纠结在一起。“以文为诗”话题的激烈争论,加深了对诗、文两大核心文体和文学体性的认识,是中国古典诗学的展开与演进。“以文为诗”话题透露了中国文学从古典抒情传统向近代叙事传统的转型密码。

The poet Du Fu initiated the transition of writing poems in prose styles in the middle of the Tang Dynasty.Due to the central status of Du Fu′s poems,topics concerning writing poems in prose styles has become the focus of Chinese poetics.On the surface,writing poems in prose styles advocated blending poetry and prose skills.In fact,it was a crucial debate on the literary styles of poems.Many renowned writers,such as Ouyang Xiu,Su Shi,Huang Tingjian,Chen Shidao,and important theorists of the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties could not avoid this topic and thus participated in discussions.Then these topics were interwoven with Du Fu poetics,debates between Tang and Song poems,and the theory that Tang poems are paradigms.The heated discussions of these debates have deepened the understanding of poems and proses,two core literary styles,and the natural disposition of literature,facilitating the unfolding and evolution of Chinese classical poetics.Hence the topics concerning writing poems in prose styles have revealed the transition of Chinese literature from classical lyrical traditions into modern narrative traditions.