采收期对3种笋用竹竹笋营养及氨基酸含量的影响

Effect of harvesting date on nutrition composition and amino acid content in three bamboo shoots

为探明不同采笋期对竹笋品质及营养成分的影响,对红哺鸡竹(Phylostachys iridescens)、白哺鸡竹(Ph.dulcis)和黄秆乌哺鸡竹(Ph.vivax‘aureocaulis’)3种笋用竹不同采笋期竹笋蛋白质、粗纤维、还原糖、灰分含量和氨基酸质量分数进行了测定。结果表明,3种笋用竹竹笋蛋白质干基含量均在310 g/kg以上,红哺鸡竹还原糖干基含量为107.0—188.1 g/kg,而白哺鸡竹和黄秆乌哺鸡竹还原糖含量分别为66.1—117.2,72.1—121.0 g/kg。3种笋用竹竹笋中粗纤维含量为43.0—84.2 g/kg,脂肪为26.0—36.0 g/kg。采收期异同不仅影响竹笋的粗纤维和灰分含量,也会影响到竹笋中蛋白质、脂肪、还原糖,但不同竹种的含量变化有所不同。红哺鸡竹竹笋中脂肪、蛋白质含量随采集时间的推后含量递减,但还原糖含量递增,而白哺鸡竹和黄秆乌哺鸡竹竹笋中脂肪、蛋白质含量随采集时间的变化不明显。3种笋用竹竹笋氨基酸总量(T)变化在13.06—35.4 g/kg,E/T值均在33.0以上。红哺鸡竹竹笋的T值随采收期的延后含量增加,而白哺鸡竹和黄秆乌哺鸡竹竹笋的T值则呈现出随采收期的延后含量递减,儿童必需氨基酸总量(CE)呈现类似的变化。竹笋营养成分和氨基酸的时令变化对于指导竹笋采集和竹林经营具有一定指导意义。

To reveal the effect of different picking date on the quality and nutrition of bamboo shoots,protein,fat,crude fiber,reduced sugar,ash and amino acid content in such species as Phylostachys iridescens,Ph.dulcis and Ph.vivax‘aureocaulis’,were determined.The results showed that the protein content(dry basis)of each bamboo shoot was above 310 g/kg,the reducing sugar content(dry basis)of Ph.iridescens was 107.0—188.1 g/kg,that of Ph.dulcis and Ph.vivax‘aureocaulis’was 66.1—117.2,72.1—121.0 g/kg respectively.The crude fiber content of 3 bamboo shoots ranged from 43.0 to 84.2 g/kg,and the fat ranged from 26.0—36.0 g/kg.It was found that the harvest period affected not only the crude fiber and ash content of bamboo shoots,but also the protein,fat and reducing sugar content,with different change.In Ph.iridescens bamboo shoots,the fat and protein content decreased,but the reducing sugar content increased,with the postponing of picking time while that in Ph.dulcis and Ph.vivax‘aureocaulis’did not change significantly.Total amino acid content(T)of 3 bamboo shoots varied from 13.06 to 35.4 g/kg,with E/T generally above 33.0.T of Ph.iridescens increased evidently with the delay of the harvest period,but that of Ph.dulcis and Ph.vivax‘aureocaulis’showed reverse change.As for 3 bamboo shoots,CE(Essential amino acid for children)showed a similar change with postponing in picking time.The seasonal change in nutrients and amino acids in bamboo shoot was of certain significance for guiding bamboo shoot collection and bamboo forest management.