老年慢性心力衰竭患者自护能力及影响因素分析

Analysis of self-care ability and influencing factors in elderly patients with chronic heart failure

目的探讨老年慢性心力衰竭患者的自护能力及影响因素。方法收集513例老年慢性心力衰竭患者的相关资料,采用老年慢性心力衰竭自护能力评估量表评定患者的自护能力,采用慢性病管理自我效能量表评定患者的自我效能,采用社会支持评定量表评定患者的社会支持状况,采用医院焦虑抑郁量表评定患者的负性情绪,并对自护能力的影响因素进行单因素及多因素分析。结果入组的老年慢性心力衰竭患者自护能力较低306例(59.6%),自护能力中等125例(24.4%),自护能力较强82例(16.0%)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度低、入院时未接受健康教育、社会支持力度不足、存在负性情绪、自我效能低均是老年慢性心力衰竭患者自护能力较低的影响因素(OR>1,P<0.05或0.01)。结论老年慢性心力衰竭患者自我护理能力不佳,影响因素涉及患者文化程度、入院时是否接受健康教育、社会支持力度、负性情绪、自我效能,临床应予以针对性干预以期提高患者的自护能力。

Objective To explore the self-care ability and influencing factors of elderly patients with chronic heart failure.Methods The related data of 513 elderly patients with chronic heart failure were collected.The self-care ability of elderly patients with chronic heart failure was evaluated by self-care ability evaluation scale,the self-efficacy was assessed by self-efficacy for managing chronic disease 6-item scale(SES6).The social support status of patients was evaluated by social support rating scale(SSRS),and patients'negative emotion was assessed by hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS).The influence factors of self-care ability were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results Among the enrolled elderly patients with chronic heart failure,there were 306 cases(59.6%)with low self-care ability,125 cases(24.4%)with moderate self-care ability,and 82 cases(16.0%)with strong self-care ability.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low education level,lack of health education at admission,insufficient social support,negative emotions,and low self-efficacy were all influencing factors for low self-care ability in elderly patients with chronic heart failure(OR>1,P<0.05 or 0.01).Conclusions Elderly CHF patients generally have poor self-care ability,which may be related to factors such as patient’s education level,health education,social support,negative emotion and self-efficacy.Clinical interventions should be targeted to improve the patient’s self-care ability.