汉语概念场用词的历时演变--以表腹泻概念的词语为例

Diachronic Evolution of Chinese Conceptual Field Words--Take the Words Expressing the Concept of Diarrhea as an Example

秦汉以来的古医书中,把导泻的治病方法称为“下”;之后,“下”引申有腹泻、拉肚子之义。魏晋南北朝时期,除了“下”表示腹泻拉稀外,常见的还有“利”“痢”“泻”以及相关的复合词。唐宋以后,关于腹泻又有新说法。除“泻”外,还有“动脏腑”“跑肚”“泻肚”“拉稀”“拉肚子”等。其中,“跑肚”为北方方言词,明显有向共同语扩散的趋势。

In ancient medical books since the Qin and Han Dynasties,the treatment of catharsis was called“xià(下)”.Later,the meaning of“xià(下)”was extended to“diarrhea”.In the Period of Wei,Jin and Southern&Northern Dynasties,in addition to“xià(下)”,other words that mean diarrhea also include“lì(利)”,“lì(痢)”,“xiè(泻)”and related compound words.After the Tang and Song Dynasties,new words with the meaning of“diarrhea”appeared.In addition to“xiè(泻)”,there were“dòng zàngfǔ(动脏腑)”,“pǎo dù(跑肚)”,“xièdù(泻肚)”,“lāxī(拉稀)”and“lādùzi(拉肚子)”and so on.Among these,“pǎo dù(跑肚)”was a word belonged to northern dialect,which showed the trend towards the common language.