论四川清代墓葬建筑装饰中戏曲图像的“永恒性”

On the“eternity”of opera images in tomb architectural decoration of Qing Dynasty in Sichuan

中国以血脉的代代承替达到对于生命永恒性的追求,墓葬建筑作为象征生死交替、沟通生死的场所,具有在文化层面上追求生命永恒的意味。四川清代墓葬建筑中流行装饰戏曲图像,这些图像兼具世俗娱乐、宗教祭祀、表功教化等多重语义于一体。从历史的梳理来看,它们延续了墓葬建筑的装饰传统。然而通过雕刻的手段将动态的戏曲表演转化为静止的图像,除了满足装饰和娱乐的功能以外,更主要的是通过戏曲图像向生者提出一种“永恒”互动的诉求,以期延续和彰显墓主的社会责任和社群影响。

China pursues the eternity of life through the succession of blood.As a place to symbolize the alternation of life and death and to communicate life and death,tomb architecture has the meaning of pursuing the eternity of life on the cultural level.Decorative opera images are popular in tombs of the Qing Dynasty in Sichuan Province.These images have multiple meanings,such as secular entertainment,religious sacrifice and enlightenment.From the perspective of history,they continue the decoration tradition of tomb buildings.However,to transform the dynamic opera performance into static images by means of carving not only meets the function of decoration and entertainment,but also puts forward a kind of"eternal"interactive appeal to the living through the opera images,in order to continue and highlight the social responsibility and social influence of the tomb owner.