中国第七航权开放政策的法律挑战研究

Study on the Legal Challenges of the Openness of Seventh Freedom of the Air in China

目前世界上第七航权的开放限于货物运输领域,各国、各区域视自身情况选择双边、区域及多边航权开放模式。中国在海南省的第七航权试点开放工作以具体可行且有一定灵活性的《海南自由贸易港试点开放第七航权实施方案》为指导,能够切实带动海南的经济增长,以航空运输发展驱动服务业的高质量发展,促进产业结构优化升级。但是第七航权开放同时也面临着航权开放模式的选择、地区开放顺利走向全国推广,以及在维持自由竞争下进行市场监管等挑战。我国应在第七航权单边开放的新模式下结合双边和多边模式缔结开放和合作协定,坚持渐进式改革方法和中央政府在全国“试点—推广”过程的主导地位,拉动市场需求和降低交易成本,在市场化竞争中由政府引导航空运输业发展。

Presently,the opening of the seventh freedom all over the world is limited to the area of all-cargo transportation􀆰Countries and regions choose bilateral,regional or multilateral mode of the seventh freedom accord⁃ing to their own conditions􀆰Guided by the concrete,feasible and flexible Implementation Plan on Piloting the Openness of Seventh Freedom of the Air in the Hainan Free Trade Port,China's opening of the seventh freedom in Hainan Province can drive its economic growth effectively,promote the high-quality development of the service in⁃dustry with the development of air transport,and optimize and upgrade its industrial structure􀆰However,it also faces many challenges,such as the choice of the mode of the seventh freedom,the difficulties in promoting local experiments to the whole country,and the maintenance of free competition under the supervision in the market􀆰China should make agreements under the unilateral opening of the seventh freedom,in combination with bilateral and multilateral modes,stick to the incrementalist reform and the leading role of central government in the process“from point to surface”,boost the market demand and reduce transaction costs􀆰The government should also devel⁃op the aviation industry in the market-based competition.