瑕疵外商投资协议的效力扩张辨析

Analysis of Effectiveness Expansion of Defective Foreign Investment Contracts

在中国持续建构法治化营商环境的背景下,瑕疵外商投资协议的效力扩张成为必然趋向。文章梳理出违背“中国籍自然人禁止条款”、程序性要件和负面清单三类瑕疵外商投资协议,逐项研究其效力扩张问题。在违背“中国籍自然人禁止条款”的情形下,“无效阻断论”和“新法介入论”显著扩大外商投资协议的效力;在违背程序性要件的情形下,中国业已实现外商投资协议的效力与程序彻底脱钩;在违背负面清单的情形下,“投资协议独立论”和“嗣后追认论”是外商投资协议效力扩张的例证,而“投资协议无效论”则限制效力的无限扩张。因此,中国应当进一步明确外商投资协议效力的法律规则,解决“同案异判”问题。

In the context of China’s continued construction of a legalized business environment,the expansion of the effectiveness of defective foreign investment contracts has become an inevitable trend.This article sorts ou three types of defective foreign investment contracts that violate the"prohibition clause for Chinese natural persons",procedural elements and negative lists,and studies the issue of their effectiveness expansion one by one.In the case of violating the"prohibition clause for Chinese natural persons",the"invalid blocking theory"and the"new law intervention theory"have significantly expanded the effectiveness of foreign investment contracts.In the case of violating the procedural elements,China has completely decoupled the effectiveness of foreign investmen contracts from the procedures.In the context of violating the negative list,the"independence of investment theory"and"subsequent ratification theory"are examples of the expansion of the effectiveness of foreign investment contracts,while the"invalidity of investment theory"restricts the unlimited expansion of effectiveness.Therefore,China should further clarify the legal rules for the validity of foreign investment contracts and resolve the issue of "same case but different judgments".