论杜甫开元天宝时期诗歌中的时空意识

On the Space-Time Consciousness Reflected in Du Fu's Poems During the Years from Kaiyuan to Tianbao

杜甫开元天宝时期的诗歌以天宝六载为界呈现出不同风格,可通过时空意识观察此阶段其诗歌技法及精神上的成长。杜甫诗歌技法的成长首先体现在空间意识的转变:从较为简单地追求背景的开阔到自觉追求华美空间、神境空间及终极家园的阔大;其次则体现为时间意识的转变,后期对个体岁月流逝更为敏感,且通过用典更多关照历史时间,组诗中时间安排更为精巧。此外,前后期诗歌中时空意识不同的融合方式,也可见杜甫诗歌技法之精进。杜甫的精神成长主要有三,一是在开元天宝年间的政治失意中,始终保持着开阔的精神追求;二是以个体生命贴近历史生命,使二者达到完全的融合;三是将关注点从个体转向群体。

During the years from Kaiyuan to Tianbao(the reign of Emperor Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty),Du Fu's poems took on different styles since the sixth in Tianbao.We can perceive his poetic techniques and spiritual growth through his Space-Time Consciousness.The growth of Du Fu's poetic techniques is first mirrored in the change of Space Consciousness:from the pure pursuit of the open background to the conscious pursuit of the magnificent space,the divine space and the ultimate home;secondly,it is reflected in the change of Time Consciousness.He became more sensitive to the passage of individual years in the later period,and paid more attention to historical time through allusions,so that the time arrangement in the poems is more exquisite.In addition,the different ways of integrating Space-Time Consciousness in the poems throughout his life also manifest the refining of Du Fu's poetic techniques.Three aspects merge to form Du Fu's spiritual growth.First,he always maintained an open spiritual pursuit in his political frustration during the years from Tianbao to Kaiyuan.Second,via close connections between his individual life and the historical being,he managed to achieve the perfect fusion of the two.The third is to shift his focus from individuals to groups.