浪漫反讽与实践辩证法

Romantic Irony and the Dialectics of Practice

浪漫反讽与实践辩证法二者,因为前者反思传统形而上学、批评观念论辩证法绝对、冷峻、僵化而对后者具有一定参考价值。浪漫反讽以诗学来补充和改造传统哲学的立场给我们的启示是,辩证法不能只在哲学层面上理解,必须在一个更大的跨学科视野内才能充分展现其魅力。但浪漫反讽及其随后的“创作”主要局限在人文领域,通过不断到未被现代性污染的“远方”唤醒、磨炼自我以及借由无限内在反思获得的“原我”来实施,同实践辩证法进一步拓宽到经济与社会视野、在生产关系的物化中看到进步和局限的二重性相比,而显得过于单纯和充满局限性。实践辩证法超越了仅仅在语言、逻辑、观念层面看待辩证结构,以及仅仅在人文、艺术领域从事批判和创作的传统;超越了浪漫派追求无限但容易陷入虚妄的“辩证法”,改造、提升了浪漫反讽的现代性批判及其政治实践追求。拒斥传统形而上学,不单依靠社会经济理性及其成就,也对文学艺术及其力主的生动性、感性、情感存在开放,达成人与自然的有机统一,对于防范辩证法走向绝对和僵化具有一定积极意义。

In terms of relationship,romantic irony provides reference for the dialectics of practice because of its reflection of traditional metaphysics and critique of the absolute,cold,and rigid dialectics of idealism.The enlightenment brought by romantic irony’s adoption of poetics to supplement and transform the standpoint provided by traditional philosophy indicates that dialectics cannot only be approached at the level of philosophy;its appeal can only be fully demonstrated through an interdisciplinary vision.However,romantic irony and the concomitant“creation”chiefly concern the humanities,awakening through “remote places”isolated from the pollution of modernity,tempering the self and implementing the Ur-Ich attained through limitless inner reflection.At the same time,the dialectics of practice broadens its horizons to include the economy and society;it sees the dualism of progress and its limitations in the reification of the relations of production.In contrast,romantic irony appears to be too purist and beset with too many restrictions.Transcending mere language,logic,and concepts,the dialectics of practice breaks away from such treatment of dialectical structure and from the tradition that criticism and creation are only conducted in the fields of the humanities and the arts.It transcends the“dialectics”which entrap romantics in illusion as they seek infinity,thus transforming and raising the level of romantic irony’s criticism of modernity and its quest for political practice.The abandonment of traditional metaphysics means that the dialectics of practice is not only reliant on the rationality of the economy and society and their achievements,but also that it remains open to the vitality,sensibility and emotion of literature and the arts,attaining the organic unity of man and nature.This has a certain significance in that it prevents dialectics from becoming absolute and rigid.