不同芜菁种质资源营养品质分析及综合评价

Evaluation of nutrient components of different turnip germplasm resources

为了探究芜菁种质资源的开发及利用价值,以50份来源不同的芜菁种质资源为试验材料,利用微量法、可见分光光度法及酸碱消煮法分别对50份芜菁种质资源的4个组织(叶片、叶柄、根皮、根肉)中的含水量、抗坏血酸、抗氧化能力、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及粗纤维进行了检测,同时进行了相关性分析、聚类分析及隶属函数综合评价。结果表明,在营养品质方面,50份芜菁种质资源具有极显著的遗传差异和种质多样性,相比于十字花科常见蔬菜作物,芜菁抗坏血酸含量与可溶性蛋白含量更高,可溶性糖含量与含水量与之持平,芜菁粗纤维含量普遍较低。单独分析各项营养指标,T1和IC0043为根肉高抗坏血酸含量的特异种质资源,IC0040为根肉高抗氧化能力的特异种质资源,T17为根肉高可溶性蛋白的特异种质资源,W31为根肉高可溶性糖的特异种质资源,W26为叶片富含抗坏血酸的特异种质资源,聚类分析显示在遗传距离为5处,可以将50份芜菁资源分为7大类,其中第VII类营养指标的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量较高,粗纤维含量较低,综合表现最好。所有种质资源的各项营养指标的隶属函数均值显示T17、IC0039和W31的综合营养指标较为优良。该研究结果为芜菁特异种质资源的筛选及优质芜菁新品种选育及加工利用奠定了良好的基础。

To excavate the exploitation utilization value of turnip resources,the water content,ascorbic acid content,antioxidant capacity,soluble protein,soluble sugar and crude fiber in four tissues(leaf,petiole,root peel and root)of 50 turnip germplasm resources were detected by trace method,visible spectrophotometry and acid-base digestion method.At the same time,correlation analysis,cluster analysis and membership function analysis were conducted.The results showed that there were significant differences in genetics and germplasm diversity in nutrient index of 50 turnip germplasm species.Compared with the common vegetable crops of the cruciferous family,the content of ascorbic acid and soluble protein of turnip were higher than control group,the content of the soluble sugar and water were same as control groups.And the content of crude fiber of turnip was generally lower than them.By the analysis of various nutritional indicators separately,T1 and IC0043 were special germplasm resources of the high ascorbic acid content and IC0040 was special germplasm resource of high antioxidant capacity in root.In addition,T17 was special germplasm resource of high soluble protein and W31 was special germplasm resources of high soluble sugar in root.However,W26 was special germplasm resources with high ascorbic acid in leaf.Further clustering analysis revealed that 50 species of turnip resources could be divided into 7 groups at the 5th genetic distance.The soluble protein and soluble sugar content of group VII were generally higher and the crude fiber content was lower than other groups.Thus,the integrated nutritional value was better than others.Comprehensive analysis of all detected components based on membership function revealed that the comprehensive nutrition index of T17,IC0039 and W31 was admirable.This study lays a good foundation for the breeding and processing of new turnip varieties in the future.