关于正当防卫的性质、条件和实践--解读《关于依法适用正当防卫制度的指导意见》

On the Nature,Condition and Practical Cases of Justifiable Defense:Interpretation of“The Guiding Opinions on the Application of Justifiable Defense System”

为正确体现1997年刑法关于对正当防卫制度松绑的立法精神,《指导意见》就正当防卫的性质和具体适用进行了明确,对长期以来正当防卫理论和司法实践中的分歧起到了定分止争作用,将进一步鼓励公民积极同违法犯罪行为进行斗争,发挥司法实践对正当防卫权利的保障和导向作用.《指导意见》通过对正当防卫制度的性质、内涵和适用等诸方面的规定,体现了正当防卫的价值,明确了正当防卫是刑法赋予公民的一项权利,并对正当防卫制度适用的五大条件逐一进行了规定,这些规定吸纳了刑法理论研究成果、借鉴了域外的立法规定、总结了我国司法实践经验教训,体现了司法解释的责任和担当.但靠《指导意见》来解决正当防卫制度的所有问题显然并不现实,在理论逻辑自洽、司法实践证据适用以及司法机关内部的协调配合等方面还有许多工作要做.

In order to correctly carry out the deregulation of the self-defense system by the legislative spirit of The Criminal Law in 1997,“The Guiding Opinions”give clear definition of the nature and specific application of self-defense,and play a definite role in settling disputes between the theory of self-defense and judicial practice.It will further encourage citizens to actively fight against illegal and criminal acts,and give full play to the influence of judicial practice on self-defense.The value of“The Guiding Opinions”is mainly reflected in the Provisions of the self-defense system,which makes it clear that self-defense is a legal right given to citizens by the criminal law,and stipulates the five conditions for the application.These Provisions absorb the research results of criminal law theory,the legislative provisions of foreign countries,and the judicial practice experience of our country,and reflect responsibility of judicial interpretation.However,it is not realistic to solve all the problems of the justifiable defense system by relying on the Guiding Opinions.There is still a lot of work to be done in the aspects of self consistency of theoretical logic,application of evidence in judicial practice and internal coordination of judicial organs.