高水平运动员组织性应激影响因素的质性研究

Qualitative Study on Organizational Stress of High Level Athletes

为深入了解高水平运动员的组织性应激影响因素,从组织层面更好地关注运动队和运动员的健康可持续发展,降低组织性应激对高水平运动员操作成绩的影响,运用质性研究方法,通过对16名高水平运动员在训练比赛过程中出现的组织性应激反应进行深度访谈,使用内容分析软件QSR NViovo 11.0对采录的运动员谈话内容进行分析。结果显示高水平运动员组织性应激影响因素可分为环境因素、个人因素、领导因素和团队因素等4类;其中领导因素(116)是运动员组织性应激的最大应激源,其次是团队因素(114)和环境因素(112),个人因素(58)最小;在二级指标中,教练员因素(96)对运动员组织性应激影响最大,其次是团队氛围(50)和选拔机制(43)。因此,呼吁运动队管理者、教练员等重视组织层面给运动员带来的困惑和压力,建议运动心理工作者就运动队组织性应激问题进行深入研究,加大对运动员组织性应激的关注和调节,促进我国高水平运动队和运动员的健康发展。

In order to deeply understand the organizational stress of high level athletes,pay more attention to the healthy and sustainable development of sports teams and athletes from the organizational level,and reduce the influence of organizational stress on the operational performance of high level athletes,adopting qualitative research and through in-depth interviews with 16 high-level athletes who with the organizational stress response during the training competition.The contents of the recorded athletes’conversations revealed through content analysis software QSR Nviovo 11.0 showed that the organizational stress of high-level athletes could be divided into four categories:environmental factors,personal factors,leadership factors and team factors.Among them,the leading factor(116)was the biggest stressor of athletes organizational stress,next were team factors(114)and environmental factors(112).Personal factors(58)were minimal.In secondary indicators,coach(96)had the greatest influence on the athletes’organizational stress,followed by team atmosphere(50)and selection mechanism(43).Therefore,to promote the healthy and sustainable development of high-level sports teams and athletes in China,concerns of the sports team managers and coaches should be given to the confusion and pressure brought by the organizational level to athletes.More in-depth researches on the organizational stress of sports teams should be done.