风险社会背景下的公共组织变革——基于系统观的诊断与设计

Reforming Public Organizations to Control System Risks:Risk Identifying and Addressing in Designing Public Organizations

随着风险社会的到来,传统的为处理常规工作和事务而设计的组织结构和制度体系面临日益严峻的挑战。从系统论视角诊断公共组织的管理困境,为复杂环境下公共组织提供机制设计可遵循三大原则:一是分析公共组织嵌入的复杂系统的基本特征;二是诊断复杂系统中传统组织存在的问题,分析环境、战略与组织设计之间的不匹配所引发的矛盾;三是发展类型学方法,从结构和规则两个维度设计环境复杂性与组织复杂性相一致的组织框架。面对风险社会的来临,我们看待问题、分析问题的方式方法面临一场新的范式革命。本文希望为管理者提供一种反思的视角,既是对我们所处时代的反思,也是对我们如何与这个时代相处的反思。

In the forthcoming society of risks,both the traditional organizational structures and institutional systems are facing more and more rigorous challenges,for they were meant to deal with routine work and affairs.This article attempts to identify the management problems of public organizations from the perspective of systems theory,so as to provide the following basic principles for the reform of public organizations in complicated situations:1.To find out the basic characteristics of complex systems in which public organizations find themselves;2.To identify the problems of traditional organizations in complex systems,including those mismatches between situations and strategies;And 3.to develop a typological method,so as to establish a framework for the design of the organizational structures and rules that may go through complicated situations.