中华人民共和国成立以来生态环境建设的实践探索与基本经验

The Practical Exploration and Basic Experience of Ecological Environment Development since the Founding of the People's Republic of China

生态环境建设是关系中华民族永续发展的头等大事。以中华人民共和国成立以来生态环境建设的主要成就和重要举措为研究起点,总结中国生态环境建设的基本经验并对未来进行展望。中华人民共和国成立以来生态环境建设取得了一系列重大成就,包括生态环境建设从“政府意识”上升到“国家意志”;监管体制机制逐步完善,能力增强;生态环境保护与建设互融互促机制生成;国家生态安全屏障框架基本形成,保障能力提升;环境污染治理成效显著,人民生活环境质量持续改善等。中国生态环境建设取得的成就,得益于顶层设计与制度建设同行、政府主导与多元共治结合、工程措施与生物措施并举和城镇与农村人居环境共治等重要举措的实施。中国在生态环境建设实践过程中逐步形成了保护生态环境就是保护生产力、短期经济利益让渡于长期发展和全民参与是生态环境建设的压舱石等基本经验。今后应继续推进中国生态环境建设,树立绿色观念,绿色生产与绿色生活并驾齐驱;建设“天眼工程”,落实全国生态环境建设一盘棋;强化行为自觉,引导全社会共同参与生态环境建设。

The development of ecological environment is a top priority for the sustainable development of China. Based on the main achievements and important measures of ecological environment development since the founding of the People’s Republic of China(the P.R.C.), the basic experience and future prospect of ecological environment development are explored. Since the founding of the P.R.C., a series of significant achievements has been made in China, including the rise of the ecological environment development from the "government consciousness" to the "state will", the improvement of supervision mechanism and the enhancement of supervision ability, the formation of mutual promotion system between ecological environment protection and development, the preliminary complement of framework of national ecological security defense and the improvement of guarantee ability, the achievement of environment management, and the promotion of human settlement, and so on. The achievement of China’s ecological environment development has benefited from the implementation of the top-level design and system-building, the collaboration of government-led and multi-element co-treatment, the combination of engineering measures and biological measures, and the co-treatment of urban and rural human settlement.In the process of ecological environment development, some basic experience has been concluded, such as the equality of ecological environment conservation and productivity protection, the precedence of longterm development over short-term interests and the importance of universal participation to ecological environment development. Opportunities and challenges coexist in the development of ecological environment in the new period. To continue to promote the development of ecological environment in China, the green concept should be established in the green production and green life, the national ecological environment should be implemented as a whole by constructing the F.A.S.T. and the whole society should be guided to participate in the development of ecological environment by strengthening behavioral consciousness.