电离辐射遗传效应的人群流行病学研究现状

Hereditary effects of ionizing radiation-a review of human epidemiological studies

亲本电离辐射暴露引起的生殖突变可能通过跨代遗传诱发子代基因组不稳定、染色体畸变、性别比改变、肿瘤易感性增加等,严重者可增加后代出生缺陷的概率,大大加重遗传性疾病的负担。迄今为止,在许多物种中都能观察到电离辐射遗传效应的存在,但缺乏人类证据。本文旨在结合国内外研究,对目前辐射遗传效应人群流行病学研究进行综述,并简要探讨遗传效应在人类中不显著的原因,为国内开展辐射遗传效应评估提供参考。

Parental exposure to ionizing radiation(IR)can induce mutation in germline that may lead to genome instability,chromosomal aberrations,sex ratio variations,increased cancer susceptibility,and even increased probability of birth defects among their offspring,which substantially increase the burden of hereditary diseases.Up to now,the hereditary effect of IR has been observed in a number of species,but there is lack of evidence in humans.With reference to related studies in China and globally,this article reviews the human epidemiological studies of the hereditary effect of IR and briefly discusses why the hereditary effect of IR is not obvious in humans,so as to provide a reference for future assessment of the hereditary effect of radiation in China.