芒萁的生态学与资源利用研究进展

Ecological effect of Dicranopteris pedata and its resource utilization: A review

芒萁(Dicranopteris pedata)作为热带和亚热带地区荒草坡及森林生态系统中常见的一种草本植物,在退化生态系统的恢复中发挥着极其重要的作用。因其具有较大的药用价值,故芒萁的资源利用也受到了广泛关注。基于近10年国内外学者在芒萁生态学与资源利用方面取得的一系列研究成果,本文概述了芒萁对遮阴、酸雨等环境干扰的光合生理生态响应过程,追踪了芒萁对金属元素胁迫环境的适应性研究进展,归纳了芒萁的化感作用及其在养分循环和对土壤生物影响等生态功能方面的研究成果,分析了芒萁资源利用的研究现状。提出了未来针对芒萁可能开展的研究,包括从基因水平上揭示其富集和耐受重金属的遗传机制;阐明其群落动态与驱动机制;揭示芒萁及其与植物/土壤动物互作对全球变化的响应过程和机理;分离与鉴定化感物质;解析、分离、纯化药用成分并检测其药物活性。本研究为芒萁资源的综合利用提供了理论基础。

Dicranopteris pedata is a herb species that is widely distributed in subtropical and tropical shrublands and forest ecosystems, and it plays an important role in the ecological restoration of degraded ecosystems. In addition, resource utilization by D. pedata has received extensive attention because it has considerable medicinal value. In recent decades,numerous studies on the ecological effect and resource utilization of D. pedata have been carried out across the globe. In this study, the photosynthetic eco-physiology responses of D. pedata to disturbance caused by shade and acid rain were investigated. This study also tracked D. pedata adaptation to a metal stress environment, reviews its allelopathic effects, and summarizes its functional traits. The ecological effects of D. pedata on nutrient cycling and soil biota were identified and resource utilization by D. pedata was determined. Finally, key research areas for future studies are proposed and discussed.That is, there should be a focus on the following research fields: 1) the genetic mechanisms underlying heavy metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance at the genetic level;2) D. pedata community dynamics and their driving mechanisms;3) the processes and mechanisms controlling the responses to global change shown by D. pedata and its interactions with plants and soil biota;4) isolation and identification of allelochemicals;and 5) analysis, isolation, and purification of medicinal ingredients and evaluation of their drug activities. This information will provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of D. pedata.