异地异级调用检察官制度的法理分析

Juridical Analysis of the System of Temporarily Transferring Prosecutors from Different Places and Levels

异地异级调用检察官的做法,其法律依据是《人民检察院组织法》第24条第1款第4项的规定,其体制根源是检察机关领导体制和检察一体的法理原则。如果将各地各级检察官看作壁垒森严的分割群体,就忽略了检察体制的特殊性。尽管我国检察官具有一定的地域依附性,同级人民代表大会选举或其常务委员会任命检察官制度并未因个案调用检察官的做法受到损害。当前优化公诉力量,符合对抗性增强后的司法需求,无损于程序公正和武器平等原则,也不会导致检察系统内监督制约的缺位。对于检察机关的司法属性和体制特性等缺乏认知,是异地异级调用检察官的做法产生不同见解的根源,进行关于这一问题的必要的法理分析,对于消弭不必要的误解,显然必不可少。

The legal basis for the practice of temporarily transferring procurators from different places and different levels is Item 4 of Paragraph 1 of Article 24 of the Law on Organization of People’s Procuratorate, and the institutional source is the leadership system of the procuratorial organ and the legal principle of procuratorial integration. If prosecutors at all places and levels are regarded as strictly divided groups, the particularity of the procuratorial system will be ignored. Although China’s prosecutors enjoy geographical dependence to some extent, the system of prosecutors elected by the People’s Congress at the same level or appointed by its Standing Committee has not been damaged by the practice of temporarily transferring prosecutors in individual cases. At present, optimizing the strength of public prosecution is in line with the judicial needs after the enhancement of adversarism, without prejudice to procedural justice and the principle of equality of arms, nor leading to the absence of internal supervision and restriction in the procuratorial system. The lack of awareness of the judicial attribute and institutional characteristics of procuratorial organs is the root giving rise to different opinions on the practice of temporarily transferring procurators from different places and levels. Obviously, it is essential to make a necessary juridical analysis on this issue to eliminate unnecessary misunderstanding.