贵州省国家级自然保护地空间格局特征分析

Analysis on Spatial Pattern of National Protected Area in Guizhou Province

国家级自然保护地是我国自然保护地体系中的核心部分,在我国的自然生态保护格局中担任着主要角色。运用最邻近点指数、核密度估计、空间叠置等方法对贵州113处国家级自然保护地及4处自然遗产地空间格局特征展开了分析。结果表明:(1)贵州省国家级自然保护地整体聚集分布,单类保护地呈离散分布;自然保护地空间分布核密度区呈点状、带状两类结合分布的特点,高密度区位于遵义西北部、贵阳西南部、黔东南中部以及北部与铜仁交界一带4个地方。(2)贵州国家级自然保护地重叠率为44%,重叠自然保护地有3处高密度区,分别为黔东南中部、黔东南北部与铜仁交界一带及遵义西北部;交叉重叠类型共有13类,出现次数最多的重叠类型为自然保护区交森林公园,重叠区面积最大的交叉类型为自然遗产地交自然保护区。(3)贵州国家级自然保护地主要分布在喀斯特地貌区,国家重点生态功能区是贵州自然保护地的重要分布和主要聚集的区域。研究结果可为贵州省自然保护地整合优化及区域生态文明建设提供科学参考。

National protected area is the core part of China's nature reserve system and plays a major role in China's natural ecological protection pattern.The spatial pattern characteristics of 113 national protected areas and 4 world natural Heritage sites in Guizhou were analyzed by using the methods of Nearest Neighbor index,Kernel Density estimation and Spatial Superposition.The results show that:(1)national protect areas present the agglomerative distribution.The single class of protected area land distributes discretely in Guizhou Province.The kernel density area of the protected areas is characterized by two types of combined distribution:point-like and banded.The high-density area is located in the northwest of Zunyi,southwest of Guiyang,central southeast of Guizhou and the border area between Tongren and the north.(2)The overlap rate of state-level protected area in Guizhou Province is 44%,and there are three high-density areas,which are the central part of Southeast,the border area between north Southeast and Tongren,and the northwest of Zunyi.There are 13 types of overlapping types,of which the overlapping types of most frequent occurrence are nature reserve and forest park,and the overlapping type with the largest area is nature heritage and nature reserve.(3)The national protected area mainly distributes in karst landforms,and the national key ecological function area is the important distribution and main gathering area of the protected area in Guizhou Province.The results of this study can provide scientific reference for the integration and optimization of nature reserves and the construction of regional ecological civilization in Guizhou Province.