基于聚丙烯的介电复合材料研究进展与挑战

Research progress and challenges of polypropylene-based dielectric composites

介电电容器因具有功率密度高、充放电速度快和循环寿命长等优点,在脉冲功率武器装备、输变电工程和5G通讯等方面具有广阔的应用前景。聚丙烯(PP)具有高抗击穿强度、低介电损耗和良好的可加工性,是目前商业应用最广泛的介电材料之一,但其介电常数低,储能密度难以提高,很大程度上限制其应用。基于PP的复合或者改性可以有效提高其储能密度,因而成为当前的研究热点。本文综述近年来介电复合材料的分类和存在的问题,将填料/聚合物复合材料和全有机复合材料两种合成策略与PP的储能性能提升联系起来,从无机陶瓷填料/PP、导电填料/PP、核-壳结构填料/PP、三元复合材料、交联、共混、多层结构设计等方面重点讨论PP基介电复合材料的研究进展。最后总结开发高性能PP基介电复合材料面临的挑战,对未来研究进行展望。

Dielectric capacitors have the advantages of high power density,fast charge and discharge speed,and long cycle life.Therefore,they have broad application prospects in pulse power weapon equipment,power transmission and transformation engineering,and 5G communications.Polypropylene(PP)is one of the most widely used dielectric materials in commercial applications at present,which has high breakdown strength,low dielectric loss and good processability.Nevertheless,its dielectric constant is relatively low,which makes it hard to increase the energy storage density.This disadvantage greatly limits the applications of PP.The composite or modification based on PP can effectively enhance the energy storage density,thus becoming a hot research topic.This paper reviews the classification and existing problems of dielectric composites in recent years,linking the two synthesis strategies of filler/polymer composites and all-organic composites with the improvement of the energy storage performance of PP,and focuses on the research progress of PP-based dielectric composites from the aspects of inorganic ceramic fillers/PP,conductive fillers/PP,core-shell structured fillers/PP,ternary composites,cross-linking,blending,design of multilayer structure,etc.Finally,the challenges for developing high-performance PP-based dielectric composites and the prospects for future research directions were summarized.