儒学与现代性关系之论争:西方视角的范式转换

Debate on the Relation between Confucianism and Modernity:Paradigm Shift in Western Perspective

儒学与现代性之关系问题肇始于韦伯的宗教社会学,在韦伯“儒学阻碍中国现代转型”的观点基础上,费正清和列文森先后提出了“冲击-反应模式”和“传统-近代模式”,其理论预设是“现代化即西方化”。20世纪70年代西方学者则根据中国内部历史进程来探讨中国现代转型,提出了中国近代史研究的“中国中心论”,并且在批判“现代化即西方化”的基础上提出了“多元文明论”。西方学者还对于儒学的现代转型以及儒学的当代定位提出了一系列具有代表性的观点,认为儒学对于中国的现代化进程有着潜在的促进作用,并且对如何构建儒家式的现代化提出了若干意见。西方学者的他者之镜可以提供一种参照和启示,但是我们更需要做的是立足于我们自身的现实语境,发挥探究精神,探索如何利用儒学资源促进中国的现代化进程。

The relation between Confucianism and modernity started from the religious sociology of Max Weber.On the basis of Weber’s viewpoint that Confucianism hinders the modern transformation of China,John King Fairbank and Joseph R.Levenson successively put forward the"Impact-Response Mode"and"Tradition-Modern Mode",and their theoretical presupposition is "modernization is westernization".In the 1970 s,western scholars discussed China’s modern transformation according to China’s internal historical process,put forward the"Chinese Centrism"of studying China’s modern history,and put forward the"multi civilization theory"on the basis of criticizing"modernization is westernization".Western scholars also put forward a series of representative views on the modern transformation of Confucianism and the contemporary positioning of Confucianism.They believe that Confucianism has a potential role in promoting China’s modernization process,and they also put forward some suggestions on how to build Confucian modernity.Western scholars can provide a kind of reference and enlightenment,but what we need to do is to base on our environment,to give full play to the spirit of inquiry,and explore how to use Confucianism resources to promote China’s modernization process.