组织退出:生命周期还是企业家自主选择?——淘宝平台上小型电商创业组织的研究

Organization Quit: Enterprise Life Cycle or Entrepreneur’s Choice? A Study on Small Enterprises Based on the Taobao Platform

在回顾组织退出讨论中的企业生命周期和企业家研究文献的基础上,本文讨论了影响互联网电商平台上创业组织退出的因素,提出了组织退出的"竞争—淘汰"机制与"自主退出"机制,发展并检验了相关研究假设,试图论证在电商平台上,"自主退出"机制更为凸显。研究数据来自2012年的"谁在开网店"项目和2016年的追踪调查。研究发现,有相当一部分电商创业者只是将经营电商作为体验性或机会性选择,以此区分的电商创业者类型对退出有显著影响。研究认为,技术条件的改变使已蕴含在创业目的中的潜在退出动机得以激发,并为自主选择的实现提供了可能性,自主选择对理解ICT环境下创业企业组织的退出更加重要。

After reviewing the literature on organization quit with a focus on the life cycle of organizations and entrepreneur studies, we analyzed factors influencing enterprises’ quit from Internet platforms;and clarified two mechanisms in organization quit, i.e. knockout competition and voluntary withdrawal.With developing a series of hypotheses, we try to test that the voluntary withdrawal mechanism for small enterprises is more significant on e-commerce platforms.. Our data come from two sources: a project done in 2011-12 titled"Who Initiated Enterprises on the Taobao Platform", and a following up survey conducted in 2016 based on the previous project. The results show that a considerable number of e-commerce entrepreneurs only treat e-commerce business as an experiential or opportunistic choice, and the types of entrepreneurs differentiated by this have significant impact on quit. We claim that technological change stimulates the potential quit motivation indicated by the entrepreneurial purposes, and voluntary withdrawal is an important mechanism for understanding the quit of enterprises against the background of ICT.