信息行动理论——数字社会时代的社会行动理论探讨

Information Action Theory:Discussion on Social Action Theory in the Era of Digital Society

既有网络社会理论较少从社会行动的层面展开分析。网络社会和数字社会中的社会行动发生了显著变化,表现为信息行动,即社会行动以信息流的形式展开。在社会行动理论的传统中,韦伯、舒茨、帕森斯、奥斯汀、拉图尔等学者的行动理论揭示了社会行动理论的行动主体变化和语言学转向后行动中的语言信息问题,为社会行动的主体变化和信息化提供了理论可能性。吉登斯的理论启示我们重新思考社会行动的时空情境问题。社会行动的场景发生变化,从传统社会行动情境转向社会建构的新网络数字场景;社会行动的主体发生变化,从人的行动转向人和非人行动者混合行动以及非人行动者行动。这些变化建立在社会行动以信息流方式展开的基础上。这一行动理论转变提供了一种信息行动的理论视角,可用以理解网络化、数字化、社会虚拟现实技术、人工智能技术等技术演进下的社会现象。

The existing theories of network society rarely analyzed society from the perspective of social action. The social action in the network society and digital society has changed significantly, manifested as information action.Social action is carried out in the form of information flow. The tradition of social action theory of Weber, Schutz, Parsons, Austin, Latour and other scholars reveals the problem of action subject change and linguistic turn of social action theory, which provides a theoretical possibility for the subject change and informatization of social action. Giddens’ theory enlightens us to rethink the time and space situation of social action. The scene of social action changes from traditional context to digital context in the digital society and the subject of social action has changed from human action to the mixed action of human and nonhuman actors and the action of non-human actors. These changes are based on the information flow of social action. The transformation of action provides a theoretical perspective to understand the social phenomena under the evolution of networks, digitization, social virtual reality technology, artificial intelligence technology, and other technologies.