交融的机制解释与人文阐释——有机、生态农业种植过程的人类学研究

Explanations and Interpretations of Integration: An Anthropological Study of the Organic and Ecological Agricultural Production

有机、生态农业领域一直存在着工业化与可持续食物生产方式、现代性与反现代性的争论,这一争论与社会科学农业研究对小农农场历史命运的不同观察有着内在关联。本文从种植技术角度切入有机、生态农业的争论,发现存在于消费结构和农场生存中的两种机制性过程,以及种植理念和个人意义所形构的观念世界,影响甚至决定了有机、生态农场食物生产方式的选择偏向和实施空间。结构性条件下由观念世界所指引的行动方向,是塑造市场需求与仿自然生态种植交融过程的动力和基础。现代性世界中差异是异质性的来源,有机、生态农业领域的争论及由此对小农农场历史命运的不同观察,将差异与异质性画等号,形成二元分立式的分析。人类学则将差异作为转换、结合、混融的基础。本文尝试将科学性的机制解释与差异的人文阐释相互结合进行讨论,形成不同以往的新分析和理解,超越有机、生态农业领域的既有争论。

Debates on"industrialization and sustainability", and"modernity and anti-modernity"have been active in the field of organic and ecological agriculture. These debates are intrinsically related to different observations of the historical fate of smallholder farms in social science agricultural research.From the perspective of planting technology, this paper contributes to existing debates and finds a few factors influential in agricultural production process.The first is the two processes existing in the consumption structure and farm survival. The second is ideal world composed of planting ideologies and personal ideologies. These two factors affect and even determined the choice of productive mode and spatial construction. In other words, the actions guided by ideal world within structural conditions, is the motivation and foundation of shaping market demand and imitation of natural ecological planting. The difference in the modern world is the source of heterogeneity. The debates in the field of organic and ecological agriculture and the different observations on the historical fate of smallholder farms that originated from it equate difference with heterogeneity, forming a binary and separate analysis. Anthropology takes difference as the basis of transformation, integration and blending. This paper attempts to discuss the scientific mechanism explanation with the humanistic interpretation of differences, form a new understanding in the field of organic and ecological agriculture, and transcend the existing disputes.