劳动空间在延伸——女性网络主播的身份、情感与劳动过程

The Expanding Working Space:Identity, Emotion and the Labor Process of the Female Live-streamers

本文以女性网络主播为例,探讨平台劳工的劳动过程与身份认同出现的新变化。通过深度访谈、参与观察收集田野资料并进行分析,本研究发现在平台的薪资制度、竞争制度、弹性用工模式的作用下,劳动者在平台上的劳动空间之外开辟出"第二层劳动空间"进行隐蔽的情感劳动,并塑造商品化的"人设"以迎合观众的消费需求。其结果是劳动空间被无限扩大、劳动力再生产空间被挤压、劳动者的自我身份被全面商品化。平台技术深刻影响了服务业中的女性劳动者,看似"自由"的平台劳动者实则在牺牲自由的同时面临异常严重的剥削与异化。

Based on the study of female live-streamers who work on the live-streaming platforms, this study discussed the arising changes of labor process and labor identity of the platform labor. Collecting data through in-depth interview and participation observations, this study found that with the salary system, the competition system and the institution of flexible employment established by the platform, the live-streamers exploit"the second layer of working space"outside the working space on the platform to perform private emotional labor and establish a commercialized identity named"Ren She"in order to cater to the customers’ preferences and demands. As a result, the working space are immensely amplified and then squeeze the space of labor reproduction. The identity of the labor is totally commercialized. The technology of platform has an enormous impact on the female labors in the service industry. The platform labors who seem to be "free" face extremely serious exploitation and alienation while sacrificing their freedom in fact.