杨守敬对日本明治书坛的影响

Yang Shoujing’s Influence on the Calligraphy Circles in Japan

杨守敬是清代著名学者、藏书家、版本目录学家和金石书法家。明治十三年(1880),他作为清朝驻日使馆随员赴日工作、生活四年。此间,他与当时日本学界交往甚繁,其中最著名的书家有日下部鸣鹤、岩谷一六、松田雪柯。杨氏以"碑学启蒙家"的身份,为日本书家打开了眼界,成为日本明治时期中日书法交流的重要人物,被尊为"日本近代书道之父"。本文从日本学者杉村邦彦提供的《松田雪柯东都日记》原稿和旅日华人学者邹涛翻译尚未发表的《杨守敬与岩谷一六笔谈》等一手文献资料中,窥探杨氏在日期间与日本明治时期三位著名书家书文相交的细节,阐述杨守敬与日本明治书家交往的背景、向日本书家传授习书方法及其对明治时期日本书坛的影响。

Yang Shoujing is a famous scholar,bibliographer,edition bibliographer and stone calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty.In the thirteenth year of Meiji(1880),he went to Japan to work and live for four years as an attendant of the embassy of the Qing Dynasty in Japan.During this period,he had numerous contacts with the Japanese academic world at that time,among which the most famous calligraphers were Nishimoto Naruru,Iwatani Yisu and Matsuda Shirko.As an"enlightener of epigraphy,"Yang opened the eyes of Japanese calligraphers.He became an important figure in the communication of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy in the Meiji period of Japan,and was honored as"the father of modern calligraphy in Japan."Based on the original manuscript of Diary of Matsuda Xueke,provided by Japanese scholar Kunihiko Sugimura,and the unpublished written talk between Yang Shoujing and Iwatani Yiliu translated by Chinese scholar Zou Tao,this article explores the details of the correspondence between Yang’s family and three famous writers of the Meiji period in Japan.This article expounds the background of Yang Shoujing’s communication with the Japanese Meiji calligraphers,his teaching methods of learning calligraphy and his influence on the Japanese calligraphers in the Meiji period.