中国对外关系法论纲--以统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治为视角

The General Discussion on the Foreign Relations Law of China--From the Perspective of Promoting Domestic Rule of Law and Foreign-related Rule of Law in a Coordinated Manner

统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治亟须破解我国法律体系和法学研究中的国际法与国内法二分法思维。实现破解的一个制度抓手就是重视我国对外关系法的研究和法律体系建设。对外关系法是调整一国与外界(其他国家、国际组织、境外实体、个人)互动关系的国内法规范和国际法规范。对外关系法不是"国际法+国内法"。对外关系法重在研究国际法国内化过程中和国内法国际化过程中产生的法律问题。我国虽然已有实质性的对外关系法,但存在理论研究不足、司法实践不足、立法不足等突出问题,不能适应百年未有大变局下我国对外关系发展的需求。为此需要廓清对外关系法的研究领域,重视发挥我国法院在涉外案件中的司法能动性并完善对外关系专门性立法,从而提升我国"内化"国际法的效益和"外化"国内法的能力。

In order to promote the domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law in a coordinated manner,it is urgently necessary to go beyond the dichotomous thinking of international law and domestic law in the legal system and legal studies in China.One of the key institutional approaches is to attach importance to the study and legal system construction of foreign relations law of China.Foreign relations law includes norms regulating the interaction between a country and the rest of the world(other countries,international organizations,foreign entities and individuals)in domestic laws and international law.Foreign relations law is not simply the combination of"international law"and"domestic law".The study of foreign relations law should be focused on legal issues arising from the internalization of international law and the internationalization of domestic law.Although there are laws on foreign relations in China in a substantive sense,problems such as insufficient theoretical research,insufficient judicial practice,and insufficient legislation do exist,therefore such laws fail to meet the demand of China in the development of its foreign relations in an era with changes unseen in a century.Thus,it is necessary to clarify the research scope of foreign relations law,give full play to the active role of Chinese courts in foreign-related cases and improve the special legislation on foreign relations,so as to enhance the efficiency of"internalizing"international law and the ability of"externalizing"domestic law.