人类胚胎基因编辑中的权利冲突解析

Analysis of Rights Conflicts in Gene Editing of Human Embryos

以CRISPRCas9为代表的胚胎基因编辑技术带来了技术、伦理和社会多维度的风险,这些隐忧可以被解读为基因信息提供者、潜在者和社会大众三者之间的各种权利冲突,其主要表现为父母之间的生育权冲突超出了传统生育权内容的范畴、父母与社会大众的权利冲突引发了新型自由主义优生学的危险、潜在者与社会大众平等权的冲突动摇了社会平等观的基础、潜在者与父母的权利冲突引发了权利主体资格和能力的平衡关系之革新。为了保证人性尊严和人类社会的稳定秩序,妥当的应对原则是:以共同善替代简单公共利益计算的考量,实现集体权利与个体权利的和谐;以具体情境为判准,选择基本权利与非基本权利;不再以生存目的论作为权利排序的终极根据,而是立足于提升文明状态、回归和谐秩序,并对未来保持足够开放的态度。

The embryo gene editing technology represented by CRISPRCas9 has opened the door for human beings to design and modify their biological properties at a deeper level than before.It also brings the negative influence of ethics and morality,and even the foundation of human society.All of externalization of these concerns is manifested in the rights conflicts among the gene information providers,the embryo and the public.The rights involved in these conflicts have changed both in connotation and extension due to the application of genetic technology.The conflict of parents'inner reproductive rights goes beyond the traditional conception of fertility,the rights conflict between parents and the general public has raised the possibility of a new liberal eugenics,the rights conflict between the embryo and the parents resulted in a new innovation of balance between the qualifications and abilities of the subject of rights.In order to safeguard human dignity and the stable order of human society,the appropriate response principles include:to replace the considerations of utilitarianism with the common good,to realize the harmony between collective rights and individual rights;to choose basic rights and non-basic rights according to the specific situation;to be open enough about the future.The ordering of rights should no longer be based on survival teleology,but on promoting the state of civilization and returning to harmony.