瓜蒌采后的调研与品质优化研究

Investigation and Quality Optimizationon Post-Harvest Fructus Trichosanthis

目的:对栝楼果实的采后处理过程进行调研,提出品质优化建议,为瓜蒌的标准化、规范化生产提供依据。方法:走访河北安国、山东长清、河南安阳、浙江平湖等地的种植、加工基地,调查栝楼采后的加工处理过程,并结合专业知识、生产经验及文献资料提出优化建议及注意事项。结果:栝楼果实在基本成熟时采收,一般为9月底—10月初。编藤时应避免果实挤压。悬挂时应注意通风并防止冻伤。阴干是栝楼果实的后熟过程,对保证瓜蒌的品质意义重大。切制时以1.2 cm宽度为佳。瓜蒌常见的变质现象为虫蛀、酸败,可通过低温、气调等方法进行防治。贮藏库和包装袋应注意防止引入虫源。结论:本文首次对栝楼果实的采后过程进行了详细的报道。调研认为,为保证瓜蒌药材的品质,需建立全过程的质量控制系统,做到适时采收、规范加工、科学贮藏、合理包装、防治虫蛀和酸败。

Objective:To investigate the post-harvest processing procedures about Trichosanthes Kirilowii fruit in detail,thus to provide suggestion on quality optimization and to offer basis for standardized and normalized production of Fructus Trichosanthis.Methods:Several planting and processing bases,such as Anguo in Hebei,Changqing in Shandong,Anyang in Henan and Pinghu in Zhejiang were visited.A series of problems in post-harvest links were discovered.The corresponding solutions were put forward according to professional knowledge,production experience and literature reports.Results:The fruits of T.kirilowii were harvested from the end of September to the beginning of October during their approximate ripening period.The squeezing between fruits should be avoided when been woven.The environment should be well-ventilated and frostbite should be prevented when the fruits were hung.The drying in shade is a post-ripening process for the fruits of T.kirilowii,which is of great significance to ensure the quality of Fructus Trichosanthis.The most proper width was 1.2 cm when the herb was cutinto piece.The common deterioration phenomena were insect-attacked and rancidity,which could be prevented by low temperature or inert gas conditioning.Any insect source should be prevented into the storehouses and packing bags.Conclusion:It is the first report to investigate the post-harvest fruits of T.kirilowii in detail.In order to ensure the quality of Fructus Trichosanthis,it is necessary to establish a quality control system for the whole process so as to achieve timely harvesting,standardized processing,scientific storage,reasonable packaging and effective prevention and control against moths and rancidity.