从主体性到主体间性——《杯酒留痕》精神共同体的三重功能

From Subjectivity to Inter-subjectivity:Three Functions of Spiritual Community in Last Orders

《杯酒留痕》表现了格雷厄姆·斯威夫特对英国当代社会问题的深度关切和深层思考。基于滕尼斯的共同体理论,通过分析小说核心人物之间的关系,不难发现小说建构了一个建立在共同信仰和共同价值追求基础上的精神共同体,这个精神共同体在爱情、亲情与友情三个伦理维度上发挥了三重功能,即塑造责任感、弥补情感缺憾、促进人际和谐,而这些功能化解了夫妻、代际和朋友间的矛盾,实现了个体由主体性向主体间性的跃迁,形成了维系精神共同体有机联系的纽带。

Last Orders shows Graham Swift’s deep concern and profound thoughts for contemporary social issues in Britain.Based on Ferdinand Tönnies’theory of community and analysis of the relations between key figures in the novel,it is discovered that a spiritual community is constructed on the basis of common beliefs and common values.On the three ethical levels of love,kinship and friendship,this spiritual community exercises three functions,i.e.fostering responsibility,bridging emotional gaps,and promoting interpersonal harmony.These functions can resolve the conflicts between husband and wife,generations and friends,and enable individuals to develop from subjectivity to inter-subjectivity,and form the organic bond of spiritual communities.