审判中心论--我国刑事司法改革的深层逻辑

On Trial-centralism: Underlying Logic of China’s Criminal Judicial Reform

在事实查明层面,案卷移送制度、审前准备程序与审判中心主义存在功能主义关联,因三者功能重叠且程序前后相继而形成“实质化的阅卷+有必要才召开的庭前会议+形式化的庭审”之事实查明的结构,进而导致审判中心主义被消解。以司法一体化为特征的刑事诉讼纵向线性结构或行政结构,对于事实查明的程序正当化没有功能需求,是消解审判中心主义的深层原因。因此,我国刑事诉讼需要完成两次转型跨越三个阶段:从行政结构到司法结构;从职权主义模式到当事人主义模式,才能实现实质的审判中心主义——被告人中心主义,才能解决长期困扰我国刑事诉讼的从技术到理念的一系列问题。

With regard to fact-finding, dossier transfer system, pretrial procedure and trial-centralism are functionally related. Since the three aspects are overlapping in functions and successive in terms of procedure, “substantial dossier reading + necessary pretrial meeting + superficial trial”becomes the structure of fact finding, leading to the dissolution of the trial-centralism. The vertical linear structure or administrative structure of criminal procedure characterized by judicial integration has no functional requirements for the procedural justification of fact-finding, thus becoming the fundamental reason to dissolve trial-centralism. Therefore, China’s criminal procedure calls for two transformations in the span of three stages: shifting from administrative structure to judicial structure and from inquisitorial system to adversary system. Only by doing this can we realize trial-centralism or defendant-centralism in the real sense and solve a series of problems from technology to concept that have long plagued China’s criminal procedure.