关于热力学定律的一些讨论

The Notions on the Laws of Thermodynamics

热力学在基础物理学中是一门至关重要的学科,特别是它的4条基本定律,揭示了宏观物质热运动的客观物理规律.本文主要通过Carnot热机循环效率从定量层面上揭示出具有时间反演对称性破缺的宏观物质系统演化的不可逆过程进行的方向性的热力学第二定律和在理想气体温标下具有绝对零度不能到达的热力学第三定律之间的隐含关系,即在Carnot热机中一旦热力学温度能够达到绝对零度,那么就意味着该体系能够实现100%的热机循环效率.同时,这种密切联系可以用微观统计理论给予解释.此外,对于热力学函数及其在当前有关铁电性和铁磁性前沿的研究领域方面也进行系统性地讨论与应用.

The laws of thermodynamics play a vital roles in the fundamental physics,which reveal the nature of thermodynamic behaviors in matters.Here,this letter mainly discusses an intimate relation between the third law of thermodynamics with impossibility of reaching absolute zero of temperature and the second law of thermodynamics with time reversal symmetry breaking.Under the discussions on the Carnot cycle,the impossibility of reaching absolute zero of temperature and the second law of thermodynamics are found to be compatible with correspondence.The microscopic physical picture is also provided to well-understand this finding.Furthermore,the thermodynamic potentials as well as their applications on the frontiers of ferroelectrics and ferromagnetisms are also discussed systemically.