清朝宫廷饮茶探究

Research on Tea-drinking Customs in the Royal Court of the Qing Dynasty

清宫皇室平日喜好饮茶,对茶叶的消费量较大,日常茶饮主要有奶茶、花茶和清茶等,其中以奶茶为大宗,并且时常以茶入药,制成代饮茶。此外,茶叶在清宫的各种礼仪活动中也扮演着渐趋重要的角色,例如常朝礼、经筵、视学仪、茶宴、千叟宴、外藩宴等活动中皆有饮茶环节。顺治年间,清宫和茶叶相关的礼仪活动基本成形,雍正时期进一步发展,乾隆时期茶礼活动最为盛行,汉族礼仪文化由此潜移默化地融入满族统治者的宫廷生活。

Members of the royal family in the Qing Dynasty was fond of drinking tea and consumed a large amount of tea.The largest amount of tea they drank included the milk tea,herbal tea and pure tea,among which the milk tea was the bulk.Sometimes they also drank tea instead of medicine,or used tea-leaves as ingredients to make traditional Chinese medicine.In addition,tea also played an increasingly important role in various ceremonial and social activities in the Qing Palace.The ceremonial activities related to tea were basically formed during the reign of Shunzhi,and were further developed in the reign of Yongzheng.Tea customs had reached its peak during the reign of Qianlong.Thus,the ritual culture of the Han nationality was subtly integrated into the court life of the Manchu rulers.