“文之道”与“文的自觉”:《文心雕龙·原道》的符号学考察

"The Dao of Wen"and"the Consciousness of Wen":A Semiotic Study of"On Dao"in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons

要走出《原道》之"道"的研究困境,首先要改变提问的方式。不再纠结于"《原道》之‘道’究竟是谁家之‘道’"这样的假问题,而是要问:"刘勰在《文心雕龙·原道》中创设了一个怎样的‘道’?他是如何创设出来的?"在这一问题的引领下,借鉴符号学的伴随文本理论,则不难发现,刘勰以儒家思想为互文本,以道家思想为承文本,创设了一种崭新的"文之道",其中"文"与"道"是一体两面、互为表里的关系。这种"文之道"的创设,恰是魏晋以来"文的自觉"的彰显。

Readers of"On Dao"face a dilemma in understanding the meaning of"Dao",and this dilemma can only be dealt with if we change the way of asking questions.Instead of asking false questions such as"Whose Dao is the original Dao in’On Dao’",a more productive approach is to ask"What kind of Dao did Liu Xie create in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons?How did he create it?"In pursuing this question,with the guidance of co-text theory in the study of semiotics,it is not dificult to realise that Liu Xie created a brand-new"Dao"of Wen,with Confucianism as its intertext and Taoism as its hypotext.Liu Xie took"Wen"and"Dao"as the two sides of one body.This creation of the"Dao of Wen"is exactly the manifestation of"the consciousness of Wen"as it has been understood since the Wei and Jin Dynasties.