滇中冷凉山区不同播期反季花椰菜产量效益分析

Yield Benefit of Cauliflower of Different Sowing Dates in the Cold Mountainous Area of Central Yunnan

为摸索滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期以集成高效栽培技术推广应用,于2017—2018年选择海拔2250 m的云南省峨山县塔甸镇大西村地块进行9个播期的2年随机区组试验。结果表明,花椰菜生育期随播期推迟而延长,而花球采收期除播期7月10日外随播期推迟而逐渐增长;花椰菜株高、外叶数、开展度、球高、球径和单球重等农艺性状有随播期延迟呈现先逐渐减小而后又逐渐增大的趋势;莲座期黑腐病和霜霉病的病情指数随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐升高而后又逐渐下降的趋势;花椰菜小区产量随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐下降而后又逐渐提高的趋势,播期4月20日和4月30日与其余7个播期产量之间的差异达极显著水平。综合花椰菜在冷凉山区反季节栽培的生产实际和各播期产量产值及商品性表现,推荐滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期为4月20—30日。

To explore the best sowing date for anti-season cultivation of cauliflower in the middle and high altitude cold mountainous area of Yunnan,and promote the application of integrated high-efficiency cultivation techniques,Daxi Village in Tadian Town,Eshan County,Yunnan Province with an altitude of 2250m was selected for a randomized block experiment in 2017-2018.The test of each sowing date showed that the growth period of cauliflower increased with the delay of the sowing date,and the harvest period of the flower bulbs also gradually increased with the delay of the sowing date except July 10.The plant height of cauliflower,outer leaf number,development degree,ball height,ball diameter and single ball weight and other agronomic traits had a tendency of first decrease then increase with the delay of the sowing date;the disease index of black rot and downy mildew in the rosette stage first increased then decreased with the delay of the sowing date.With the delay of the sowing date,the plot yield of cauliflower showed a trend of gradually decreasing and then gradually increasing.The yield of sowing date April 20 and April 30 had a significant difference from that of the other 7 sowing dates.Based on the production,yield,output value and commercial performance of the anti-season cultivation of cauliflower in the cold mountainous area,the optimum sowing time is recommended as April 20-30.