硒对水稻吸收转运镉、砷和汞影响机制的研究进展

Research on effects of selenium on the uptake and transfer of Cd,As and Hg in rice

在重金属中,镉、砷和汞被列为农田中对包括植物、动物和人类在内的许多生物最有害的污染物。大米是人类的主食,由于生长期较长,易吸收和积累土壤中的重金属。硒是人和动物必需的营养元素,适量的硒可促进水稻生长,提高水稻产量和质量,还能有效阻控水稻对其他重金属的吸收,近年来已引起人们广泛关注。综述了硒对镉、砷和汞在水稻体内吸收转运影响研究进展,并探讨了硒缓解镉、砷和汞对水稻胁迫的机制,以期为降低水稻中镉、砷和汞含量、提高硒水平的研究提供理论依据和可行措施。

Among trace metals,cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As)and mercury(Hg)are classified as the most harmful contaminants in farmland to many organisms including plants,animals and humans.Rice is a staple food which is consumed by half population of the world.Due to longer growth period,rice plant can easily absorb and accumulate the trace metals from soil.Selenium(Se)is an essential nutrient for human beings and animals.Appropriate doses of selenium were found to promote rice growth,and improve of rice yield and quality.Moreover,selenium is considered to be an uptake inhibitor of heavy metals in rice.In recent years,most studies have focused their attention on the antagonism between heavy metals and selenium in the growth of rice.Effects of selenium on the absorption,transport and detoxification mechanisms of cadmium,arsenic and mercury in rice were reviewed,which could provide a theory basis and feasible measure for the researches to reduce heavy metals and improve selenium level in rice grains.