不同轮作模式对两种食用菌产量和品质的影响

Effects of different rotation models on yield and quality of two edible fungi

为改善竹荪单作产量逐年降低问题,以长裙竹荪[Dictyophora indusiata(Vent.Pers.)Fisch.]和羊肚菌(Morchella vulgaris)为材料,设计长裙竹荪单作、羊肚菌单作、长裙竹荪-羊肚菌轮作、长裙竹荪-圆白菜轮作、羊肚菌-辣椒轮作对比试验,连续3年测定单位面积长裙竹荪和羊肚菌产量和部分品质指标。结果表明,与单作相比,轮作能够一定程度上提高长裙竹荪和羊肚菌产量及品质,其中羊肚菌-长裙竹荪轮作下二者的综合表现最好。羊肚菌-长裙竹荪轮作中长裙竹荪产量、单位面积子实体平均产出数量、去盖单株鲜重在栽培第2年和第3年均较单作显著增加,菌盖鲜重、菌高、菌柄直径和伞裙长度均显著增大,灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量较单作也略有增加,但二者间差异不显著;在栽培第2年和第3年,羊肚菌-长裙竹荪轮作下羊肚菌产量、子实体平均单株鲜重、单位面积子实体平均产出数量均较单作显著增加,羊肚菌灰分、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量均较单作显著增高,羊肚菌伞裙长度和菌柄直径在栽植第3年也较单作有所增大,菌盖与菌柄比大幅提高。羊肚菌-长裙竹荪轮作下羊肚菌形态、质量均显著提升。

In order to improve production decline problem of Dictyophora spp.monoculture,Dictyophora indusiata(Vent.Pers.)Fisch.and Morchella vulgaris were chose as experimental materials,and five rotation models were conducted,including D.indusiata monoculture,M.vulgaris monoculture,D.indusiata-M.vulgaris rotation,D.indusiata-Brassica oleracea L.rotation and M.vulgarisCapsicum annuum L.rotation.The yield and quality indexes of D.indusiata and M.vulgaris per unit area were determined for 3 consecutive years.The results showed that rotation can partly improve the yield and quality of D.indusiata and M.vulgaris when compared with monoculture treatment.Among the five treatment,the comprehensive performance of D.indusiata and M.vulgaris was the best in D.indusiata-M.vulgaris rotation.In this rotation model,compared with the monoculture,the yield,the number of fruit-bodies per unit area and the weight of single fungus of D.indusiata in the second and third year increased significantly.Furthermore,the pileus fresh weight,the fungus height,the stipe diameter and the length of reticulation significantly increased simultaneously.The ash content,crude protein,crude fat and crude fiber of D.indusiata under the same rotation model also increased slightly(no significant difference)than that of monoculture.In the second and third year under D.indusiata-M.vulgaris rotation model,the yield,the weight of single fungus and the number of fruit-bodies per unit area of M.vulgaris increased significantly when compared to the monoculture,respectively,and the ash content,crude fat and crude fiber content of M.vulgaris increased significantly when compared to the monoculture.The pileus length and diameter of the third year increased when compared to the monoculture.The ratio of pileus to stipe of M.vulgaris under the same rotation model was greatly increased.Under D.indusiata-M.vulgaris rotation,the morphology and quality of M.vulgaris were significantly improved.