4~6岁幼儿有参照估数能力的发展特点

The Development Characteristics of Reference Numerosity Estimation of 4~6 Years Old Children

估数能力是个体数概念发展的重要组成部分。本研究以南京市某幼儿园中班和大班共111名幼儿为研究对象,调查4~6岁幼儿有参照估数能力发展的特点。结果表明,大班幼儿有参照估数能力显著高于中班幼儿;幼儿有参照估数的精准性受到待估数量的影响,待估数量越大精准性越低;情景抽象程度对幼儿有参照估数精准性的影响不显著;幼儿使用的估数策略是影响其有参照估数精准性的重要因素,幼儿运用“参考量比较”策略时估数精准性较高,幼儿不明确或无法说出估数策略时精准性较低;待估数量与参考量越接近,使用“参考量比较”策略的幼儿越多。成人应注意引导幼儿认识到估数是一种解决日常生活问题的有效方法,从小数量入手开展适合幼儿的估数活动,并引导幼儿分享估数策略。

Numerosity estimation is an important part of mathematical concepts.The study selected 111 children from K2 and K3 classes in a kindergarten in Nanjing to investigate the development characteristics of reference numerosity estimation of 4~6 years old children.Results showed that K3 children outperform K2 children significantly.The size of quantity significantly affects both ages:they perform at lower level with the quantity increased.The abstraction of situation has no significant effect on the accuracy of reference numerosity estimation while estimation strategies used by children have.Children using“benchmark comparison”are likely to get better results,but children who could not tell correctly their strategy often estimate wrong.Children tend to use“benchmark comparison”strategy when the size of estimated number is closer to reference number.Adults should guide children to realize that numerosity estimation is an effective way to solve problems in daily life.Children should start with small quantity in developmental appropriate activities organized by adults for them,and be encouraged to share their estimation strategies.