关注多层次的中国幼儿园传统文化教育——基于人类学视角的思考

Paying Attention to Multiple Dimensions of Traditional Culture in Chinese Kindergartens from the Perspective of Anthropology

目前中国的学前教育越来越强调传统文化教育,然而当前的幼儿园传统文化教育实践大多只强调了中国民间故事、传统节日、传统服饰和艺术等显性传统文化教育。虽然强调这些显性文化是必要的,但可能是不够的。学前教育工作者还应关注日常文化、具身文化、教学法中的文化因素等其他层次的中国文化,并通过带有中国文化特征的教学实践对幼儿进行潜移默化的传统文化教育。为了更有效、更有意义地实施幼儿园传统文化教育,学前教育工作者应关注不同层次的传统文化,并在教师专业发展过程中重视对各层次传统文化传承的思考和研讨。

In the past several years Chinese early childhood education has swung back to a greater emphasis on the traditional culture education.However,the current efforts and discourses have been too narrowly focused on Chinese folktales,holidays,clothing,arts,crafts and so on.Such focus on explicit aspects of Chinese culture is necessary,but not sufficient.Chinese kindergartens should pay attention to other aspects of Chinese culture including everyday culture,embodied culture,and cultural dimensions of pedagogy.In other words,according to the needs of traditional culture education,kindergartens should be places where young Chinese children are introduced to less formal,more implicit aspects of Chinese culture including the routines of Chinese daily life,characteristically Chinese ways of interacting with others,and Chinese“body habitus”.Meanwhile,valuable Chinese cultural pedagogical practices should also be applied and retained to exert an imperceptible influence on children's thinking and behavior.To teach young children about Chinese traditional culture in a more meaningfully way,it is suggested that Chinese early childhood educators should view traditional culture as a multi-dimensional concept that contains many different aspects,and more value should be put on the discussion about all dimensions of traditional culture education in the whole process of teachers'professional development.