幼儿园教师工作狂特征的程度与类型及其对工作绩效和幸福感的影响

On the Level and Types of Kindergarten Teachers'Workaholic and Its Influence on Job Performance and Well-being

工作狂是以强迫性方式过度工作的个体,包括行为上的“过度工作”与认知上的“强迫工作”。幼儿园教师的工作压力不断加大,使其同样有可能出现工作狂现象。本研究对1113名幼儿园教师的问卷调查显示,幼儿园教师总体具有工作狂特征,且程度较强,同时在教龄、职称、学历、园所等级、所处地域等人口学变量上存在一定差异。根据幼儿园教师工作狂特征的分布特点,可以将其划分为重度工作狂、中度工作狂、中度工作狂-偏行为型、轻度工作狂四种类型,其中两类中等程度工作狂的工作绩效和幸福感体验相对更佳。这意味着我们应进一步理性辨识幼儿园教师应有的工作状态,努力提高教师的工作效率,并将工作绩效导向更具角色职能意义的任务,同时重视工作氛围建设,支持教师个体努力进行适当的心理调适。

Workaholics are not regarded as good.Under the increasing work pressure,kindergarten teachers also may become workaholics.This study used the measurement method to investigate 1113 kindergarten teachers.The results show that the workaholic characteristics of kindergarten teachers are prominent and there are some demographic differences,which can be divided into four categories:severe workaholic,moderate workaholic,moderate workaholic-partial behavior and mild workaholic.The job performance and well-being experience of the two types of moderate workaholics are relatively better.We should pay more attention to the workaholic phenomenon in the group of kindergarten teachers,rationally identify the work input that kindergarten teachers should have,and at the same time,strive to strengthen teachers'work efficiency in kindergarten management,guide work performance to tasks with more role and functional significance,and attach importance to the construction of positive work emotions.And it also requires teachers to make appropriate psychological adjustment.