东晋至两宋中国与印尼佛教文化交流互动考述

Textual Research on Buddhist Cultural Exchanges between China and Indonesia from Eastern Jin Dynasty to Song Dynasty

古代印度尼西亚诸岛国如陆上丝路之于阗、龟兹诸国一样,乃佛法东传华夏之中转站和集散地,从东晋开始,中国东南沿海地区便与印度尼西亚古代诸岛国展开了密切的佛教文化交流。就印度尼西亚诸岛国而言,它是海路西来梵僧之中转站和瞭望所,西行求法华僧之梵语训练场所和中国佛典译场之海外延伸;中国东南沿海诸口岸则是梵僧入华的登岸地和迎送站,西行求法僧人的始发港和集散地,同时又是政府网罗域外高僧的情报搜集所和中外僧人北上弘法的主要通道。东晋至宋末,佛教文化逐渐成为中国与印度尼西亚诸岛国间朝贡贸易之纽带,外交活动之媒介,两地之间人员信息往来互通,留下了众多有待发掘的历史文化遗产。

Khotan and Kucina on the Silk Road,ancient Indonesian kingdoms were the transit and distribution centers on the Maritime Silk Road for the eastward dissemination of Buddhism to China.Since the Eastern Jin dynasty,the coastal areas in Southeastern China already had close Buddhist cultural exchanges with ancient Indonesian kingdoms.The Indonesian archipelago was the transit station for monks from India,where Chinese monks on their way to India studied the Sanskrit language,and it was also an overseas site where Buddhist sutras were translated into Chinese.The ports in Southeastern China were sites where monks from India landed,where Chinese monks departed for India,where the government could find eminent foreign monks,and where Chinese and foreign Buddhist monks could go to Northern China.For nearly 1000 years from the Eastern Jin dynasty to the end of the Song dynasty,Buddhist cultural exchanges had played important roles in tributary trade,diplomatic activities and people-to-people communication between China and the ancient kingdoms of Indonesian archipelago,leaving behind a lot of historical and cultural heritage.