纯电动物流车动力学建模及仿真优化分析

Dynamics Modeling and Simulation Optimization Analysis of Pure Electric Transport Vehicles

针对改善纯电动物流车的平顺性问题,以企业某车型为研究对象,利用动力学软件ADAMS/Car,建立基于四柱试验台的纯电动物流车动力学模型;以前、后桥的减振器阻尼参数和驾驶室悬置参数为优化变量,驾驶室座椅导轨处y向和z向的振动响应为优化目标,利用最优拉丁超立方设计方法对优化变量进行灵敏度分析,确定需要优化的多个主要影响变量,通过多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ(Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II)对其进行优化;最后在水泥路面工况下,针对不同车速对整车动力学模型进行平顺性仿真试验。分析结果表明,优化后的座椅导轨处y向和z向的加速度功率谱密度曲线峰值降幅明显,整车动力学模型的仿真精度大幅提高,平顺性得到显著改善。

In order to improve the ride comfort of pure electric transport vehicles,a certain type of transport vehicles was used as the research object,and a dynamic model of pure electric transport vehicle based on four-pillar test bench was established by means of the dynamics software ADAMS/Car.The damping parameters of the shock absorber and the suspension parameters of the cab were selected as the optimization variables,the vibration response in the y-direction and the z-direction at the guide rail of the cab seat were selected as the optimization goal.The optimal Latin hypercube design method was used to analyze the sensitivity of the optimization variables to determine the main influencing variables that need to be optimized.Then,the main influence variables were optimized by using the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-Ⅱ(Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II).Finally,the ride comfort simulation test of the dynamics model was completed on cement pavement at different speeds.The analysis results show that the peak values of the acceleration power spectral density curves in y and z directions of the seat rail have diminished obviously,the simulation accuracy of the vehicle dynamics model is effectively raised,and the ride comfort is significantly improved.