电动汽车方向盘抖动问题诊断与优化分析

Diagnosis and Optimization Analysis of Steering Wheel Shake of Electric Vehicles

针对纯电动车在沥青路上匀速20 km/h行驶方向盘抖动问题,分析方向盘抖动产生机理和影响因素,通过针对性的试验测试,分析传递特性和抖动响应特征,根据诊断分析思路和工程经验快速锁定引起抖动的激励源范围。根据橡胶垫刚度经验公式分析结果,降低衬套橡胶刚度,提升隔振性能且降低后扭力梁刚体模态频率,避免与方向盘系统发生模态耦合。通过优化衬套的对比试验分析,高效地确定可工程化的优化整改方案,有效解决方向盘抖动问题。该优化方案和分析思路,对其他车型及相似的抖动或其他零部件系统共振问题的解决具有较好的指导意义。

In order to solve the problem of steering wheel shaking of electric vehicles driving at a constant speed of 20 km/h on asphalt road,the mechanism and influencing factors of steering wheel shaking are analyzed.Through the targeted test,the transfer characteristics and steering wheel shake response characteristics are analyzed,and the scope of shaking excitation source is quickly locked according to the analysis and engineering experience.According to the analysis results of the empirical formula of rubber bush stiffness,the rubber bushing stiffness is reduced,the vibration isolation performance is improved and the modal frequency of the rear torsional beam is reduced to avoid the modal coupling with the steering wheel system.Through the comparative test analysis of the optimized rubber bushing,the optimization rectification scheme is effectively determined to solve the steering wheel shaking problem.The optimization scheme and analysis ideas have a good guiding significance for solving the similar shaking problem or other parts system resonance problems of other car models.