青少年心理健康现状、问题及其教育干预——基于江苏省76所学校的访谈研究

An Interview Study on the Mental Health Status of Adolescents Based on 76 Schools

目的全面、准确地了解江苏省青少年心理健康现状和特征规律,为改善青少年心理健康水平提供科学依据。方法选取76所学校和164名教师为研究对象,通过深度访谈考察了江苏省青少年在自我意识、社会适应、人际关系等八个方面的特点和问题。结果学业压力、网络成瘾、人生观、身体素质、偶像崇拜、撒谎、早熟七大心理问题比较突出。小学生在撒谎、早熟方面问题明显,中学生在学业压力、网络成瘾、人生观方面问题突出;在影响源上中小学生家庭环境与教养方式成为重要的影响因素。结论保证青少年适度睡眠时间;加强性心理健康教育;营造家庭软环境;净化新媒体环境;树立正确的人生观;倡导绿色上网。

The study aims to comprehensively and accurately explore the current situation and characteristics of adolescent mental health in Jiangsu Province so as to provide scientific basis for improving the level of adolescent mental health.In this study,76 schools and 164 teachers were selected as the research objects.Through in-depth interviews,the characteristics and problems of adolescents in Jiangsu Province in eight aspects were investigated,such as self-awareness,social adaptation and interpersonal relationship.The results show that seven major psychological problems are prominent:academic pressure,Internet addiction,distorted outlook on life,physical unfitness,idolatry,lying and precocity.Primary school students have obvious problems in lying and precocity,while middle school students have prominent problems in academic pressure,Internet addiction and outlook on life.Family environment and parenting style arekey influence factors.This paper suggests that we should ensure the appropriate sleep time for teenagers,strengthen the education of sexual mental health,create a soft family environment,purify the new media environment,establish a correct outlook on life,and advocate green Internet access.